Safety Testing of Cosmetic Products: Overview of Established Methods and New Approach Methodologies (NAMs)

Cosmetic products need to have a proven efficacy combined with comprehensive toxicological assessment. Before the current regulation N°1223/2009, 7th Amendment European Cosmetics Directive has banned animal testing for cosmetic and ingredients in 2004 2009, respectively. An increasing number of alternatives been developed validated safety ingredients. For example, 2D cell culture models derived from human skin can be used evaluate anti-inflammatory properties, or predict sensitization potential; 3D equivalent are irritation excised is as gold standard evaluation dermal absorption. The aim this manuscript give an overview main vitro ex vivo alternative focus on regulatory requirements, genotoxicity potential, eye irritation, endocrine Advantages limitations each model discussed novel technologies capable addressing these presented.